GLP-1 FAQ's

Glucagon-like Peptide 1

GLP-1 is a naturally occurring gut hormone that helps us feel full and suppresses our appetite to eat.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of medicines used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. They act in a very similar way to the GLP-1 hormone naturally found in our bodies (to increase the feeling of fullness and make us less hungry).

GLP-1 has a few actions in the body. It leads to hormonal changes that reduce blood sugar. It also slows how quickly your stomach empties, which reduces your appetite. This leads to reduced calorie intake and weight loss over time.

GLP-1 medications can be used to aid weight management in people with obesity who have already tried lifestyle modifications. They must be used alongside a healthy diet and increased physical activity to promote effective weight loss. They are also prescribed to improve blood sugar and weight in people with type 2 diabetes.

Some common brand names for GLP-1 medications include Wegovy (semaglutide), Ozempic (semaglutide), Saxenda (liraglutide), Victoza (liraglutide), Byetta (exenatide), Trulicity (dulaglutide).

Currently, the GLP-1 approved for the treatment of obesity are liraglutide (brand name Saxenda) and semaglutide (brand name Wegovy). These medications are given via self-injection and are prescribed in higher doses compared to their doses in the management of diabetes.

There are no specific dietary restrictions while taking GLP-1 medications. However, it's important to follow a healthy diet as part of a lifestyle management programme in addition to the medication.

It's important to follow the specific storage instructions provided with your medication. Generally, GLP-1 should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Pens in use should be thrown away after 30 days even if they still have medication left.

GLP-1 medications alone are not usually associated with low blood sugar (also known as hypoglycaemia). However, if used in combination with other diabetes medications that can lower blood sugar (such as insulin or sulfonylureas), there can be an increased risk. Your doctor will give you advice regarding your current medications if you are prescribed a GLP-1.

GLP-1 medications should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as there is limited safety data available.

GLP-1 medications can generally be used in people with mild to moderate kidney or liver disease. Your Roczen clinician will do a full assessment of your health to assess your suitability.

The term "off-licence" refers to the use of a medication to treat a condition that is not explicitly specified in the manufacturer's product licence.

You can safely travel with GLP-1 medication but it's important to ensure proper storage and handling of the medication, especially in terms of temperature control. It's advisable to pack the medication in a travel cooler or insulated bag if necessary. Carry a sufficient supply of medication and keep it easily accessible during travel. If travelling internationally, familiarise yourself with any regulations or documentation requirements related to carrying medications. This can be further discussed with your Roczen clinician.

A pharmaceutical company must conduct thorough safety checks on new medications and gain confidence in their safety for prescribing. They then apply for a licence for the medication, submitting evidence to regulatory agencies such as the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA). These authorities review the evidence and, if satisfied with the medication's proven safety and safety profile, grant a licence. The licence specifies the medication's doses, known side effects, precautions, and the specific conditions for which it can be used.

GLP-1 agonists were initially licensed specifically for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and have been established as safe and effective for this purpose. However, subsequent evidence and clinical trials have shown that the same GLP-1 agonists (for example, semaglutide) are also safe and effective in managing weight, leading to their widespread use for weight management.

Generally, GLP-1s can be prescribed to individuals with a BMI of 30 or higher, or individuals with a BMI of 27 or higher who have at least one weight-related comorbidity (such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, or obstructive sleep apnea) but some conditions means these medications are not for everyone. On the Roczen Plus programme, GLP-1 suitability and assessment will be conducted by our in-house team of medical doctors.

There are a number of conditions that unfortunately mean GLP-1cannot be prescribed.  GLP-1 for weight loss cannot be prescribed in people with the following conditions:
 
• History or current pancreatitis - a painful condition where there is inflammation of the pancreas
• Personal or family history of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2) or Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding as safety data is limited

An off-licence medication still holds a licence and has undergone rigorous testing to ensure its safety. Like any medication, there can be side effects or specific reasons why it may not be safe to prescribe. At Roczen, our clinical team conducts a comprehensive health assessment to determine your suitability for the medication and ensure it is safe for you to receive a prescription.

Like any medication, GLP-1 can have side effects. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation and headaches, however, these side effects are generally mild and tend to improve over time. The medication is often started at a lower dose and gradually increased over time to reduce the risk of side effects.

While rare, there are potential signs or symptoms that may indicate a problem while taking GLP-1 medication. These can include signs of allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, swelling or change to your breathing), or symptoms of pancreatitis (such as severe abdominal pain in, persistent sickness or vomiting). If you experience any concerning symptoms, it's important to seek urgent medical attention.

More recent GLP-1s (third generation GLP-1s like Wegovy) have shown to be very effective in some people. Clinical trials have demonstrated significant weight reduction, with the majority individuals achieving over 15% body weight loss or more of their initial body weight. It’s important to remember that different people will require different treatment options, and what works for others may not work for you.

Weight loss results can vary among individuals, but many people start to see noticeable weight loss within the first few weeks to months of starting treatment with GLP-1s. If you are prescribed a GLP-1 medication and you feel like you are not making progress, please speak with your doctor who will be happy to help you.

Injectable GLP-1s can be taken at any time of day - regardless of meals. They are taken once weekly and should be taken on the same day of the week, at roughly the same time of day.

The duration of treatment with GLP-1 can vary depending on individual needs. Most people require long-term treatment. However, the duration of treatment and continued effectiveness will be monitored by your Roczen clinician to assess the ongoing benefits and manage any potential risks.

Yes, GLP-1 medications can be used in combination with other diabetes medications, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin, however, these may need to be changed at the time you are prescribed a GLP-1.

GLP-1  medications are typically injected subcutaneously (under the skin). They are available as pre-filled pens or syringes, and the injections are usually self-administered. Roczen will ensure you are comfortable and confident with administering the medication independently.

You will be provided with a sharps bin to allow for safe disposal of used needles. Your local pharmacy should accept the sharps bin or we can arrange for collection from your home.

If you miss a dose, it's generally recommended to take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, you should skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. It's important to consult the specific medication instructions or contact your Roczen clinician for guidance if you’re not sure.

GLP-1 is normally started at a low dose, which is increased over time on a standardised protocol. Your maintenance dose is based on your individual response to the medication.